A static site is a folder of HTML, CSS and images, generated ahead of time and served as plain files. There is no database to query and no application to keep patched on every request.
Why it works so well
- Pages load quickly because there is nothing to compute.
- There is very little attack surface.
- Hosting is cheap, and moving to another host is a copy.
- The whole site can live in version control.
For blogs, documentation and small business sites, static generation covers almost every need. Dynamic features can be added in small, isolated pieces exactly where they are needed.